Emerald Dove

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The Common Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica), also known as the Asian Emerald Dove or Grey-capped Emerald Dove, is a striking bird native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is the state bird of Tamil Nadu, India.​

 Appearance

This medium-sized pigeon measures approximately 23–28 cm in length and weighs between 90–140 grams. Its most distinctive feature is the vivid emerald green coloration on its back and wings. The flight feathers and tail are blackish, with broad black and white bars visible on the lower back during flight. The head and underparts are dark vinous pink, fading to greyish on the lower belly. The eyes are dark brown, the bill is bright red, and the legs and feet are rufous. Males have a white patch on the edge of the shoulders and a grey crown, which females lack. Females tend to have a browner complexion with a grey mark on the shoulder. Immature birds resemble females but have brown scallops on their body and wing plumage. ​

Habitat & Distribution

The Common Emerald Dove is widespread across the Indian Subcontinent, including states like Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, and others. Its range extends east through Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, the Sakishima Islands of Japan, and Indonesia. It inhabits various forested habitats from lowlands up into montane areas. ​

Behavior & Diet

These doves are quite terrestrial, often foraging on the ground for fallen fruits, seeds, and small invertebrates. They are usually found singly, in pairs, or small groups. Their flight is fast and direct, with regular beats and occasional sharp flicks of the wings. When disturbed, they often walk away rather than fly. Their call is a low, soft moaning cooing consisting of about six to seven coos, starting quietly and rising. Males perform a bobbing dance during courtship. ​

 Breeding

The Common Emerald Dove builds a scant stick nest in a tree up to five meters high and lays two cream-colored eggs. They are monogamous, and pairs typically stay together for life. ​

Conservation Status

Classified as “Least Concern” by the IUCN, the Common Emerald Dove is not considered threatened. Its adaptability to various habitats contributes to its stable population.

Last updated: April 12, 2025